scholarly journals High Species Turnover and Decreasing Plant Species Richness on Mountain Summits in Sweden: Reindeer Grazing Overrides Climate Change? Reply

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
Jon Moen ◽  
Anna Lagerström
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Plant Species Richness

scholarly journals Projected impacts of climate change on regional capacities for global plant species richness

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1692) ◽  
pp. 2271-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Henning Sommer ◽  
Holger Kreft ◽  
Gerold Kier ◽  
Walter Jetz ◽  
Jens Mutke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Energy Dynamics ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Business As Usual

Climate change represents a major challenge to the maintenance of global biodiversity. To date, the direction and magnitude of net changes in the global distribution of plant diversity remain elusive. We use the empirical multi-variate relationships between contemporary water-energy dynamics and other non-climatic predictor variables to model the regional capacity for plant species richness (CSR) and its projected future changes. We find that across all analysed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emission scenarios, relative changes in CSR increase with increased projected temperature rise. Between now and 2100, global average CSR is projected to remain similar to today (+0.3%) under the optimistic B1/+1.8°C scenario, but to decrease significantly (−9.4%) under the ‘business as usual’ A1FI/+4.0°C scenario. Across all modelled scenarios, the magnitude and direction of CSR change are geographically highly non-uniform. While in most temperate and arctic regions, a CSR increase is expected, the projections indicate a strong decline in most tropical and subtropical regions. Countries least responsible for past and present greenhouse gas emissions are likely to incur disproportionately large future losses in CSR, whereas industrialized countries have projected moderate increases. Independent of direction, we infer that all changes in regional CSR will probably induce on-site species turnover and thereby be a threat to native floras.

scholarly journals Nitrogen deposition and climate change have increased vascular plant species richness and altered the composition of grazed subalpine grasslands

2017 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Boutin ◽  
Emmanuel Corcket ◽  
Didier Alard ◽  
Luis Villar ◽  
Juan-José Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Subalpine Grasslands

scholarly journals Fast diversification through a mosaic of evolutionary histories characterizes the endemic flora of ancient Neotropical mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1923) ◽  
pp. 20192933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais N. C. Vasconcelos ◽  
Suzana Alcantara ◽  
Caroline O. Andrino ◽  
Félix Forest ◽  
Marcelo Reginato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Population Isolation ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Endemic Flora

Mountains are among the most biodiverse areas on the globe. In young mountain ranges, exceptional plant species richness is often associated with recent and rapid radiations linked to the mountain uplift itself. In ancient mountains, however, orogeny vastly precedes the evolution of vascular plants, so species richness has been explained by species accumulation during long periods of low extinction rates. Here we evaluate these assumptions by analysing plant diversification dynamics in the campo rupestre , an ecosystem associated with pre-Cambrian mountaintops and highlands of eastern South America, areas where plant species richness and endemism are among the highest in the world. Analyses of 15 angiosperm clades show that radiations of endemics exhibit fastest rates of diversification during the last 5 Myr, a climatically unstable period. However, results from ancestral range estimations using different models disagree on the age of the earliest in situ speciation events and point to a complex floristic assembly. There is a general trend for higher diversification rates associated with these areas, but endemism may also increase or reduce extinction rates, depending on the group. Montane habitats, regardless of their geological age, may lead to boosts in speciation rates by accelerating population isolation in archipelago-like systems, circumstances that can also result in higher extinction rates and fast species turnover, misleading the age estimates of endemic lineages.

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